Improvement in rulers



UrrE SrArEs PATENT ERICE.

e. W. soHRAMM, oE NEW YORK, N. Y., JAss'ieNoR 'ro D. N. RoPEs, orORANGE, NEW JERsEY.

' IMPROVEMENT IN RuLERs.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,453, dated February6, 1866.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, G. W. SOHRAMM, of the city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented a new and' useful Improvement in Rulers 5 and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accom pan y ingdrawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure l is anunder face View of a ruler constructed in accordance with my invention;Fig. 2, a side view of the same, and Fig. 3 a cross-section thereof.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

- sessing the property which may be termed flexible elasticity,77 suchas steel or the hard compound of india-rubber, the ruler, when made ofthe required thickness to give the bevels to prevent the ink fromrunning onto the paper or other surface that is being ruled, will be toorigid to be readily adapted to curved surfaces, such as the pages of anaccount-book when open; and if made of a more iiexible substance, suchas soft vulcanized india-rubber, it will bend in all directions and failto present an edge by which to rule rule a straight line.

The difficulties above pointed out are effectually overcome by myinvention, which consists in making a ruler by the union or combinationof two substances, one having the property of flexible elasticity, suchas hard vulcanized india-rubber, called vulcauite, or steel, orwhalebone, and the other very flexible, such as soft vulcanizedindia-rubber. By

the union of two such substances the required thickness and flexibilityare readily obtained.

The mode of application of my said invention which I have tried withsuccess and deem to be the best is represented in the accompanyingdrawings, in which a represent-s the upper part of the ruler, made ofthe material known as vulcanite,77 or the hard compound of indiarubberor gutta-percha. rIhe two edges should be made straight and parallel. Iprefer to make this part about one-sixteenth of an inch in thickness, sothat it will readily spring to any curvature required. And to the Lindersurface of this is secured a strip, b, of soft vulcanized india-rubberof about three-sixteenths of an inch in thickness and narrower than theupper part, a, so that the latter shall project about an eighth of auinch along both edges.

The two parts a and b, I prefer to unite by means of india-rubber orother cement, although they may be united by other means; and although Iprefer the above mode of application of my said invention and believe itto be the best, yet I do not wish to be understood as limiting .my claimof invention thereto, as other substances having the requisiteproperties and other modes of uniting them may be substituted.

What I claim as invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

A ruler formed by the union of two substances, one iiexible and elasticand the other eXihle, or one more iiexible and elastic than' the other,such as the substances well known as hard77 and soft vulcanizedindia-rubber, substantially as and for the purpose speciiied.

G. W. SCHRAMM.

-Witnesses: v

WM. H. BIsHoP, ANDREW DE LACY.

